<h3>Components Used</h3>Arduino UNO Development Board: The central processing unit that controls the LED matrix.LEDs (64): Arranged in an 8x8 grid to form the matrix display.10Ω Resistors (8): Used to limit the current flowing through each LED, preventing damage and ensuring consistent brightness. <h3>Code Analysis</h3>The code is structured into several key sections: defining pin connections, setting up the Arduino board, the main loop for the heartbeat effect, and functions to control the LED matrix.1. Pin Definitions:led_row and led_col arrays define the pins connected to the rows and columns of the LED matrix, respectively.2. LED Coordinates:coords_1 array contains the coordinates for the first heart shape.coords_2 array contains the coordinates for the second heart shape, which is used to create the new effect of lighting up all LEDs within the heart contour.3. Setup Function:Initializes all the row and column pins as outputs, setting the stage for controlling the LED matrix.4. Loop Function:The loop() function now includes an additional loop to handle the new effect. It iterates through the coords_1 array for the first heart shape, then reverses the direction for the second part of the heartbeat, and finally iterates through the coords_2 array to light up all LEDs within the heart contour.5. Reset Function:reset_all() turns off the entire LED matrix by setting all row pins low and all column pins high.6. Display Function:display() lights up a single LED at the specified coordinates.display_all() lights up all LEDs within a specified row (y) from column x1 to column x2, effectively lighting up the area enclosed by the heart contour.7. Speed Adjustment:The delay() in the display() and display_all() functions adjust the speed of the heartbeat effect. This can be modified to make the effect faster or slower. <h3>How It Works</h3>When the Arduino board is powered and the code is executed, the loop() function continuously iterates through the code[] array, lighting up LEDs in a sequence that forms a heart shape. The forward and backward iteration through the array creates the effect of the heart "beating." The reset_all() function ensures that the matrix is cleared before each new heartbeat cycle, and the display() and display_all() functions manage the individual lighting of LEDs based on their coordinates.