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PCB Resources

Your comprehensive PCB knowledge resource. Explore in-depth guides on PCB design, material selection, fabrication techniques, and industry trends. Empower your PCB expertise today! 

PCB Resources - PCB Expert Manufacturing - PCBX

PCBA Resources

PCBX: Master the art of PCB assembly. Delve into expert guides on PCB assembly processes, techniques, and quality control procedures. Elevate your PCB assembly skills now! 

PCBA Resources - PCB Expert Manufacturing - PCBX

PCB Design

The PCB Design Resource Channel is a worthwhile location that provides electronic engineers and designers with top-notch resources and tools to design printed circuit boards. In this section, the latest guides in design, tutorial videos, software tools, example projects, and best practices are organized together for reference on how best to go about optimizing the design process for better work efficiency and product quality.

PCB Design - PCB Expert Manufacturing - PCBX

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) make up the backbone of any modern electronic device. Many intricate processes and decisions have to be made in designing and manufacturing a PCB, which greatly impacts cost, performance, and production efficiency. The dimension of the PCB panel is very critical in all these. This article will explain standard PCB panel dimensions, their importance, and how to optimize them according to your need.<h2>What Are PCBs?</h2>PCBs are meant for providing mechanical support and the electrical connection with the help of conductive pathways/tracks/signal traces that are etched from copper sheets afterward and laminated onto the non-conductive substrate. It turns out that these components and connections can have a single-layer, double-layer, or multi-layer format.<img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240911/d38abb8b62b64eb08a8e37aa9286ff0a.jpg" alt="PCB Dimensions-PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;"/><h2>What is an array PCB?</h2>A PCB panel, normally known as a PCB array or a board array, is a material sheet that contains a number of multiples of PCBs. The main benefit behind this is that it is helpful for the manufacturers in producing with low cost due to the fact that, in the production process, several boards are produced at a time. After this, at the end of the manufacturing process, the different boards are separated from that PCB panel through routing, which can also be referred to as milling, or even by the method of V-grooving.<h2>Standard dimensions of a PCB panel:</h2>While PCB panel sizes can be tailored according to need and manufacturing capability, there are standard dimensions in order to provide greater ease with production and thereby lower costs. Here are some of the most common standard sizes:18 x 24 inches (457 x 610 mm): Very common in North America and Europe; this size provides a reasonable area with good handling, suitable for most fabrication and assembly equipment.20 x 20 inches (508 x 508 mm): Now a common size for Europe, it gives a good square shape for some designs and layouts.21 x 24 inches (533 x 610 mm): A bit more significant, it allows more boards on a panel to be run high-volume.24 x 24 inches (610 x 610 mm): This measure is the largest of the standard sizes. The larger size has been popular all along but especially recently for very high-volume jobs because it reduces the number of times the manufacturing process has to be run and spreads the fixed costs of a run over more boards.Actual figures may vary marginally depending on the capability of suppliers and specific manufacturing requirements.<img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240911/09aadbf758d44ea5b4bbd34e64f3359c.png" alt="Standard dimensions of a PCB panel-PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;"/><h2>Significance of PCB Panel Dimensions</h2>Cost-Efficient: Optimal panelization ensures material use is minimized and the workspace used when processing a particular substrate utilization is maximized within any available manufacturing equipment. The common panel size lowers the cost associated with fitting the gadget well with the industry-standard equipment while minimizing the setup time and therefore upgrading the throughput time.Ease of Manufacturing: Standard dimensions align with those supported by most PCB manufacturing factories, limiting incompatibilities to reduce production errors.Control of Quality: Si principles of dimensioning benefit how manufacturers are able to handle dimensioned panels during the manufacturing process, which benefits the less likelihood of damage or introduction of defects to assure quality finished goods.Optimal Layouts: Good use of panel space supports organizing many PCBs within a panel, which increases the yield and reduces scrap rates.<h2>Factors influencing Selection of Panel Size</h2>Although the standard dimensions make a very good starting point, the final decision in panel size could be influenced by several factors, among which are:Board Size and Shape: The dimensions of the individual PCBs will naturally define the optimum size of the panel. Smaller boards can allow more flexible panelization than bigger or oddly shaped boards.Volume Requirements: Increases in productivity realized by going with larger panels are due to high-volume runs and have proportionately less handling time per board, reducing the cost per board.Equipment Capabilities : The available fabrication, assembly and testing machinery may have certain size limitations to be taken in to account.V-Scoring and Routing Needs : The method used to separate boards from a panel can influence the layout. V-scoring permits greater cleanliness and less waste, routing might need more space between boards.Edge Clearance and Tooling Holes: Edge clearance for handling and required tooling holes or fiducials may have an influence on the dimension of the total panels.Assembly Constraints: Provision for the assembly process like pick-and-place machines and soldering needs to be present which ensures that there is enough space to get all the equipment properly in without a risk of damaging the boards.<h2>Best Practice to Optimize a PCB Panel</h2>Coordinate Early with the Manufacturer: Talk with the PCB manufacturer at the very early stage of designing to know what they are capable of doing and where their limitations are. This may help one minimize panel size and avoid potential problems.Design Software Utilization: Specialized PCB design software can help efficiently lay multiple boards in a panel to optimize space and minimize any wastage.Use Standard Board and Panel Sizes : Wherever possible, use common board and panel sizes to reduce costs and make the supply chain and production process easier.Plan for Separation : Whether routing or V-scoring, spaces between boards should be considered so the boards can be separated cleanly without damage to the scored/cut PCBs.Consider Handling and Transport: Ensure that the panel can be carried and transported by all operators and materials handling systems, from fabrication to assembly to final packing.Test and Iterate: Have several different panel configurations prototyped to see which layout would work better based on your particular operation.<h2>Tips for Getting the Most Efficiency</h2>Select your most logical application methods to be assured that you will realize the highest value in terms of efficiency and cost savings:Depaneling Router: Common but introduces dust and vibration, making this a selective tool for some.Laser-Cutting Machines: With high precision and currently popular for smooth and clean cuts.Hook-Shaped Blades: Cheap but not effective; however, still used when separating boards manually.Combining Different Circuit Boards: To optimize on space and minimize the cost of a panel, you can combine different sizes and arrangements of the PCB.<h2>Balancing PCB Panel Size and Board Thickness</h2>The thickness and size of a PCB correlate with each other. Usage of the correct panel size with the thickness is very important in generating the perfect boarded product.Standard Thickness: The industry-stand thickness is 0.063 inches, although 0.031 inches could be used for smaller applications and 0.093 inches for larger and more complex boards.Dimensional Modifications: At times changing the board dimensions or their rotation also helps to accommodate more number of boards in order to realize effective material usage. It is highly applied in bringing more PCBs into a single panel either to minimize wastage of material or, in the end, to minimize costs.<h2>Conclusion</h2>The knowledge and effective use of standard PCB panel dimensions is very important for efficient, low-cost, and high-quality PCB manufacture. By careful considerations of what are all the parameters for panel size and close liaison with your manufacturer, your designs end up practical and for mass production. While standards for dimensions are lacking, they provide invaluable guidance to find the ultimate sweet spot that works best for your unique requirements by balancing performance, cost, and manufacturability. Whether it is simple single-layer boards you design or complex multi-layer circuits, careful planning and execution will let the finished product fully satisfy all necessary specifications and performance criteria.

PCBs are essential for electronic devices, providing mechanical support and electrical connections. This article explores the importance of PCB panel dimensions, standard sizes, and optimization techniques. Key points include cost-efficiency, ease of manufacturing, quality control, and optimal layouts. Factors like board size, volume needs, and equipment capabilities influence panel size. Coordination with manufacturers, using design software, and employing standard sizes can enhance production efficiency and quality.

Standard PCB Panel Dimensions

Printed circuit boards are the unsung heroes of modern electronics, hidden under the hood of every gadget, from a smartphone to a satellite. At the heart of designing and fabricating a printed circuit board is the choice of its thickness, which affects the performance, durability, and cost of the board. While there isn't an absolute industry standard for the thickness of a PCB, there are some baseline measurements preferred and in use today due to historical and functional advantages associated with their application. This article explores what determines the thickness of a PCB, how the thickness affects both performance and manufacturing, and what considerations go into deciding whether to use a non-standard custom thickness.<h2>Common PCB Thicknesses</h2>The most widely accepted standard of PCB thickness is 1.57 mm (0.062 inches). This size dates back to the early days of PCB fabrication where Bakelite sheets were made at this thickness. Over the years, this dimension has remained predominant due to the evolution of manufacturing processes and equipment calibrated to this size.Other common thicknesses apart from the standard 1.57 mm have only recently gained popularity in order to accommodate specific applications:0.024 inches (0.6 mm; used in ultra-thin PCBs)0.031 inches (0.78 mm)0.047 inches (1.2 mm)0.093 inches (2.36 mm; used for heavy-duty applications)<img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240910/871c6319b5094d27b314fc1f939e3d4d.png" alt="" data-href="" style="width: 100%;"/><h2>Measuring the Thickness of a PCB</h2>There is quite some precision required in measuring the thickness of a PCB, employing various tools like a micrometer, calipers, and, for higher accuracy, non-contact methods that include laser micrometers and optical profilers. All these tools are essential in verifying whether the manufactured PCBs meet the specifications in the design.<h2>Factors That Affect the Thickness of a Printed Circuit Board</h2>There are various design and manufacturing factors that determine a suitable thickness for a PCB.<h3>Copper Thickness</h3>Copper thickness is always expressed in ounces per square foot and plays a very important role in the current-carrying capacity and thermal performance of the board. The common ranges of copper thickness vary from 1 to 2 oz, which in turn affects the overall thickness of the PCB and also the complexity in manufacturing. Higher copper content requires thicker boards capable of handling increased thermal dissipation and current loads.<h3>Material Choice</h3>The substrate and laminate materials also drive PCB thickness. Typical substrates include epoxy resin, glass weave, or ceramic, while laminates consist of thermoset resin. With distinct thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, each material impacts the overall integrity and functionality of the board.<h3>Number of Layers</h3>The more the number of layers on a PCB, the thicker it is. A standard 1.57 mm thick PCB can have 2 to 6 layers easily. However, in multi-layer boards, sometimes the number of layers goes beyond 60, and each extra layer adds to the thickness considerably. Decreasing the number of layers is sometimes not a feasible option, especially in complicated designs, and this brings extra thickness.<h3>Size, Weight, and Flexibility</h3>The eventual application of the PCB greatly impacts the thickness requirements. The rigid ones require larger profiles to enhance durability, and the flexible ones should be thin enough to ensure they retain their flexibility, which is a crucial factor in their existence. The right balance between rigidity and flexibility is of essence in the decision on either one. It is based on the environmental working condition the board is exposed to.<h3>Environmental Conditions</h3>Under harsh environmental conditions, like high temperatures or mechanical stress, the thicker PCBs are more resistant. However, thinner PCBs are used for reducing weight in compact or portable devices.<h2>Impact on Manufacturing</h2>The choice of the PCB thickness does not only influence the electrical and mechanical features of the board, but it also impacts several aspects of manufacturing:<h3>Drill Hole Equipment</h3>Thicker PCBs need more advanced drilling equipment since it can sustain precision, and the hole diameters below become difficult with increasing thickness.<h3>Copper Etching</h3>A thicker copper layer complicates the manufacturing processes like etching, thus making the manufacture costlier and the production more challenging.<h3>Depanelization Method</h3>The method of depanelizing individual PCBs from the panel depends on the thickness. Thick boards are usually V-scored because they are rigid, but thinner boards may use breakaway tabs.<img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240910/fa5254aca9784062a357f2280377b134.jpg" alt="Custom PCB Thickness-PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;"/><h2>Custom PCB Thickness</h2>While a standard thickness works most of the time with almost all modern manufacturing processes, certain applications mandate the use of custom thicknesses like:High-Power Applications: These use thicker boards that can handle current and deal with heat generation.Space-Constrained Devices: This would be the case with smartphones, where a thinner PCB might realize a notable design advantage.High-Frequency Applications: In such applications, thinner boards lower signal loss, improving performance.Rugged Environments: In such applications, extra mechanical ruggedness and durability are needed.There are various factors that must be considered in choosing custom thickness:Manufacturing Capabilities: This is to establish the limitations of available equipment at the manufacturer and their process capability.Turnaround Time: Custom thicknesses may prolong production time while the manufacturing processes get adjusted.Added Expenses: Special thicknesses normally cost more because of specially required materials and longer production time.<h2>PCBX: Your Best Partner in Diverse PCB</h2>PCB Thickness: PCBX offers a variety of PCB thickness options well beyond standard options, so you get all the functionality you may need in one for your unique application. Standard choices, while faster and more cost-effective to manufacture, can turn into custom thicknesses to make sure it fits your application to a T.At PCBX, we strive to give our customers the best PCBs every time. Whether it is the type or volume of printed circuit boards you wish to order, customer service and expert engineering are the cornerstones of our business that ensure our products are well-made and competitively priced.With PCB manufacturing facilities in both the domestic and international markets, PCBX has served customers worldwide. Feel free to contact us if you are interested in tapping into what we can do, or have questions about discussing various PCB thickness options.

PCB thickness is crucial in electronics, influencing performance, durability, and cost. The standard thickness is 1.57mm, but other sizes exist for specific needs. Factors like copper thickness, material choice, layers, and environmental conditions determine suitability. Custom thicknesses cater to high-power, space-limited, and high-frequency applications but may increase cost and production time. PCBX offers various thickness options, emphasizing quality and customer service in PCB manufacturing.

Standard Thickness of PCB

Since PCB is widely used to form integral parts of most types of electronic devices, it would be huge damage owing to their failure or poor performance after production. To avoid such risks, it is essential to create a PCB prototype before going into full production.<h2>How PCB Prototype Help in Design</h2>PCB prototype is considered in the design cycle for testing the functionality of a PCB-based solution very early in the cycle. By executing several prototype runs, redesigns can be validated or individual functions be isolated before progressing to more intricate designs, thus enabling the iteration that empowers the fixing of probable problems sooner to avoid extra cost.<h3>The Critical Role of Quality Prototyping</h3>Effective PCB prototyping requires fast production for quality prototypes that resemble the final product in terms of parameters and functionality. PCBX is committed to offering a rapid and accurate prototype engineering service targeting a broad range of project scales with our minimum order quantity.<h2>Prototype PCB vs. Standard Production PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240806/3474b1a6603f4026ae8ca5c6cbb0acbf.jpg" alt="Prototype PCB vs. Standard Production PCB-PCBX" data-href="" style=""/>Prototype boards are far from being production boards, not offering many advanced options implemented in the full-production versions and lesser production tolerances, but they are sufficient to check whether your designs meet the performance and quality criteria specified.<h3>Lead Time & Order Quantities</h3>PCBX offers rapid prototyping services for modest orders ranging from 5 to 100 pcs. Standard production volumes range from one to over 10,000 pieces.<h3>Differences in Specifications and Materials</h3>The specifications for prototype and standard PCB also differ. Prototype PCB meets the IPC1 quality standard while standard PCB IPC2 and Prototype PCB only use R4 material while standard one can be done in a wide range of materials like R4, aluminum, and flex-rigid materials.<h3>Layer Capabilities</h3>Standard PCB can have a higher number of layers compared to prototype one, the former with up to 8 layers, while the latter with up to 32, which provides standard boards with a higher thickness than prototype boards. The minimum thickness is the same, but the maximum is somewhat higher than the standard.<img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240806/b024fef3e7a54d5eae0f84ad30277788.png" alt="" data-href="" style=""/>32-layer high-precision PCBStandard PCB is available with a much wider range of surface finish options than those available for prototype PCB. The surface finishes are placed over the exposed copper circuitry to prevent corrosion and provide a solderable surface for further components attached to the prototype. There are two common methods for prototypes: HAL or ENIG with RoHS-compliant alternatives available for each. In contrast, standard production PCB can be finished using HAL, ENIG, Electroless Nickel / Electroless Palladium Immersion Gold (ENEPIG), Immersion Silver, Immersion Tin, and Organic Solderability Preservatives (OSP).<h3>Advanced Features in Standard Production</h3>Prototypes, while useful for preliminary testing and design validation, may not support some advanced features of standard production PCB, including:Impedance Control: Preserving consistent transmission of signals by keeping the impedance of traces in a PCB consistent.Gold Fingers: Connectors plated with gold at the edges.UL Marking/Date Code Marking: Marks of compliance and oneness.Buried/Blind Vias: The VIAs don't permeate the entire PCB to allow for complicated designs in multilayer boards.Peelable Solder Mask: Temporary solder mask, peelable after soldering.Edge Plating: Conductive plating on the edges between the layers of the PCB to enhance connectivity.Carbon Mask: Carbon-based ink, conductive, for keypad contacts.Kapton Tape: High-temperature tape used in the soldering process to protect areas.Countersink/Counterbore Holes: Holes whose edges have been specially machined to mount specific components.Half-Cut/Castellated Holes: Partially routed holes for edge connection.Press Fit Holes: Holes that are designed for tight fitting of component leads without solder.Via In Pad: Vias right on top of solder pads for component connection.Solder-Stop Coating Bridge: Protective coating to prevent solder bridging between components.<h2>Why Use a PCB Prototype?</h2>Why is a PCB prototype needed when regular production runs? It seems like adding an extra step while using a prototype ultimately saves you time and money, and maximizes the quality of your final product.<img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240806/3bc84e7b90784683b42fe73cb05081d9.jpg" alt="PCB Prototype-PCBX" data-href="" style=""/><h3>Iterative Design and Cost Efficiency</h3>The development of a new design based on PCB may incur iterative demands, while such designs must be tested fast to avoid the resulting time costs to stay within the schedule of production. With PCBX's fast prototyping service, you will be able to test your design fast before full production, which helps reduce any undue spending and maximizes return on investment.An oversight on the design or efficiency is much more expensive to find out later in production than during the prototype phase. Without the prototype, such a problem is only identified when hundreds or thousands of standard PCBs have already been ordered, which would cause extra time and cost loss. PCBX provides prototyping services in handy for low-volume production runs where only a minimum of five boards apply to an order.<h3>Single Function Test</h3>Engineers often make prototype PCBs to test single functions of more complex products that may have multiple PCBs. First, a prototype is made that represents the simplest function; additional capabilities are then added incrementally. If single-function tests are skipped, it is difficult to find the offending board that causes performance failure. Such debugging, when needed, can take a great amount of time and resources, while that could have been avoided with prototype incremental steps.<h3>Manufacturing Accuracy and Features</h3>While prototype PCBs don't have the same high manufacturing tolerances that will be allowable in standard production runs, they are still very effective and reliable ways to test how a final PCB-based solution will operate. We can also produce prototypes that look like the end-product solution and perform a similarly functioning solution—all at slightly lower manufacturing tolerances and without some advanced features. However, we do take steps to ensure that our prototype boards reflect an accurate portrayal of the functionality of the intended final standard production PCB techniques.<h3>Transition to Standard Production</h3>Once you've fully validated your design using prototype boards, you can move to a standard production run. PCBX also offers standard runs where the tolerances and capabilities are tightened, better suited for orders of larger volumes. Part of our standard production offering includes a Design for Manufacture (DFM) analysis that highlights any potential manufacturing issues. If anything goes wrong, we work with you to develop the solution.<h3>Maximizing the Success of Projects</h3>While developing a new product or looking to redesign, our prototype PCB production service can help tremendously in the identification and rectification of any potential issues or changes a design may go through at the very beginning of a project, which saves you loads of time and money. Meanwhile, this approach provides better financial performance for the project and a better-quality end product, therefore contributing a lot to its success.<h2>PCB Prototype Advantages</h2>Selecting prototypes of PCBs instead of jumping directly into standard production has many benefits. In cases where there's a new or updated design, prototyping could go a long way in being very helpful. Some of the benefits associated with PCBX prototyping include:<h3>Fast Turnaround Time</h3>We can prototype a PCB at a much faster rate than the standard production of PCB, with prototypes taking as short as two days, while for standard production PCB up to three to 18 days. The normal build time for prototypes is two to five days, which means that with this quick turn-around time, new designs can be tested to facilitate the process of your project.<h3>Early Flaw Detection</h3>Before significant investment of time and money in possibly flawed designs, prototyping allows one to pick up the faults in design at a very early stage of development. Very early engineering changes help to avoid a whole list of potential issues that may affect many different areas of your project.<h3>Individual Component Testing</h3>This is very helpful, specifically for the kinds of projects that incorporate multi-element components, where each of the elements involves a separate PCB. The parts can be proven to work independently, and any problems will manifest as originating with one or the other component. Without individual testing, when performance is not correct in a multi-PCB component, the whole unit either has to be scrapped or divided into parts. It is much easier to start with individual testing.<h3>Accurate Performance Representation</h3>High-quality prototype PCBs tend to be very close to an accurate representation of how the final production component will perform. These prototypes will allow a very reliable indication of what to expect in a standard production run, even while having lesser tolerances.<h3>Get Projects Done Efficiently</h3>In the case of flaws in the design, PCB prototyping aids in early detection and correction and easily enables one to identify the components that need adjustment quickly. Without prototyping, the detection of flaws and their cause would have taken much more time, hence extending the timeline of the project, which is certainly going to cause lost revenues and customer dissatisfaction.<h3>Lower Overall Costs</h3>This advanced planning can help bring down the total cost that a certain project involves. Very early identification of problems will allow fixing them before any serious investment in a high-volume production run. Once the problem is identified in this easier-to-work-with prototype version, one can rework that component at a fraction of what it would cost to address an issue in the entire project.<h3>Improved End Product</h3>PCB prototyping ensures this superiority is transfixed into each PCB and component, thus achieving better quality designs, which ensures that some malfunctioning goes undetected in final products and causes more significant issues much later.Considering all the associated advantages of prototyping PCBs, it's recommended for most projects that include new or revised PCB designs. Once benefit from the prototype advantages, you can progress to standard production runs with a final product that's polished and reliable.<h2>PCB Prototype Applications</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240806/30a85148cd99495daed74701efdb20a3.jpg" alt="PCB Prototype Applications-PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;"/>Printed circuit boards, connecting components through various related circuits, are at the heart of the many different electronic devices that we use every day. They come in many different variations, which allows them to perform under a wide range of circumstances. PCBs are an integral part of electronics used across nearly every industry. You can find them in consumer electronics, medical devices, automotive components, industrial equipment, lighting technologies, aerospace instrumentation, and more.As people continue to innovate and create more new electronic devices, PCBs become even more common. It is in the development of these new products that prototype PCBs are most useful. You should consider prototyping if your project involves any of the following conditions:• New products Any time your project involves developing a new product, you should use PCB prototyping. Without prototyping, you may not detect any existing issues before they cause more severe problems or become more difficult to fix. Even if your project is very similar to another that you've already completed, prototyping can be helpful. Many factors go into a device's performance and prototyping enables you to quickly and economically identify any of those factors you need to adjust.• Quality and design testing If you want to perform quality testing or design review, you should order PCB prototypes. The shorter build time will allow you to begin conducting your review or testing sooner and will reduce your overall costs. PCB prototypes will give you an accurate idea of how your final product will perform. They enable you to verify quality and performance before you invest in a larger standard production run, helping you to complete your project quicker or more cost-effectively.• Complex components If your project contains multiple PCB-based components, you should use PCB prototypes. More components can mean more functionality but also more potential failures. With these more complex projects, prototyping is especially useful, as it helps to quickly identify which component is not performing correctly. You'll spend less time testing and correcting problems that arise and save money by ordering one PCB at a time.• Modeling purposes If you want to present your physical design but don't need the board to function, you should use a prototype. In some situations, you may wish to have a model of your design to illustrate how it will work. In these cases, you don't need a fully functioning board, only an accurate representation of the design. Using a prototype for this visual can be a more cost-effective option than using a standard production board.<h3>Order PCB Prototypes From PCBX</h3>PCBX provides a one-stop shop for all your needs, whether in PCB prototyping or standard production. Our services from component procurement through fabrication, assembly, and quality control in the entire process of prototyping, could avoid coordination time with multiple suppliers, and save time and money.&lt;button class="center btn-lg" data-href="/order/manufacturing/pcb"&gt;Get an Instant Quote for PCB Prototype&lt;/button&gt;<h3>Commitment to Quality and Details</h3>Quality is important to us, and we will follow your design specifications to a 'T'. We won't make changes without your approval, and if any problems do happen, we will work with you to correct them. Our fast customer service response time sets us apart, and everyone deserves this personalized care.<h3>Easy Online Quote</h3>We have added an intuitive online quotation calculator through which consumers can obtain custom PCB prototypes and production easily. Fill in the requirements of your specifications and items needed, and you get a free quote instantly.

Creating PCB prototypes before full production avoids potential failures, saves costs, and ensures quality. PCBX offers rapid, accurate prototyping for efficient testing and design validation.

Prototype PCB Benefits

How to Remove the Conformal Coating from PCB?

The conformal coating process in PCB assembly is a necessary protective measure to extend the life of electronic components. However, unnecessary conformal coating will always be produced. The following is a method for removing unnecessary conformal coating.<h3>Local Removal of Conformal Coating</h3><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240802/4e68f5ba9c3c42e993eba6d7f70f6edb.jpg" alt="Local Removal of Conformal Coating - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;"/>Local removal of a conformal coating means the selective removal of the coating from a very small area of the printed circuit board. This may be required due to the defects or special functional requirements of the board. Local removal techniques include:Soldering Through the Conformal Coating: The contact of the soldering iron tip can melt the conformal coating, due to the temperature, which could result in only cosmetic issues. Proper material selection may ease the situation.Chemical Removal: The conformal coating is removed using a solvent or stripping solution. This method involves applying a solvent using a cotton bud under mechanical pressure to aid in the re-dissolving of the coating material back into the solution. Chemically conformal coatings that are more resistant to removal require more strong solvents and stripping agents.Mechanical Abrasion: This is a process that utilizes compressed air premixed with abrasive particles, gradually abrading the applied conformal coating. Cleaning of the resultant dust waste is an associated task after removal. Mechanical abrasion works best in removing coats in localized areas.<h3>Full Conformal Coating Removal</h3>The overall removal of a conformal coating from a PCB is of higher difficulty and more time- and labor-intensive. There are two major techniques to achieve this: chemical stripping and mechanical abrasion.Chemical Stripping: The PCBs are submerged in a succession of tanks that are specifically designed to hold the stripping fluids. With this method, the PCB's whole coating is successfully removed.Mechanical Abrasion: This is the method with an abrasion system that consumes a long time in abrading the coat completely off the board. Though it may consume some valuable time, mechanical abrasion has high applicability to inexpensive circuit boards.

Conformal coating protects PCBs but sometimes needs removal. Local removal uses soldering, solvents, or mechanical abrasion. Full removal is more labor-intensive, involving chemical stripping or extensive mechanical abrasion.

<h2>What is a PCB?</h2>PCB (Printed Circuit Board ) is used as a base in most electronics, both as a physical support piece and as the area for wiring for the surface-mounted and socketed components. Most are made from fiberglass, composite epoxy, or other composite material.<img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/7de181b28cc2479bb41b32658b806366.png" alt="What is a PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">The majority of PCBs used to construct simple circuits have a straightforward design with only one layer. More advanced technology, such as computer graphics cards or motherboards, might include several layers—up to twelve in some cases.Although PCBs are most commonly linked with computers, they can also be found in televisions, radios, digital cameras, and cell phones. Different types of PCB are used in:• Medical devices: Considering the density of electronic products and low power consumption compared to previous generations, testing new exciting medical technology is within reach. Most medical devices use high-density PCBs to create the tiniest and densest design, which relieves some of the unique constrictions involved in developing devices for the medical field. The concept of the PCB has fallen its way onto just about everything from small devices, like pacemakers, to much larger devices like X-ray equipment or even CAT scanning machines.• Industrial machinery: Since PCB is widely utilized in high-powered machinery, a thick copper PCB can be used where current one-ounce copper PCB does not fit the requirements, so thicker copper PCBs should be used include motor controllers, high-current battery chargers, and industrial load testers.• Lighting: With the growing popularity of LED-based lighting solutions due to its low power consumption and high levels of efficiency, aluminum-backed PCB is also seeing an increase in usage as a material used in the creation of the aforementioned lighting solution. These PCBs frequently serve as heat sinks, allowing for higher degrees of heat transmission than a normal PCB. The same aluminum-backed PCBs are used to create both high-lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.• Automotive and aerospace industries: Flexible PCBs are used in both the automobile and aerospace industries, both of which have severe vibration levels. Furthermore, they can be extremely lightweight while conforming to requirements and design, which is essential when making parts for the transportation industry. They can also fit into tiny locations like inside instrument panels or behind dashboard gauges.There are various sorts of printed circuit boards, each with its own set of manufacturing criteria, material types, and applications. They include the following:<h2>Single-layer PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/8473d00e548847828a35adc8ffe9b5ff.jpg" alt="Single-layer PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">A single-layer or single-sided PCB has a single layer of base material or substrate, with one side covered in a thin layer of metal. Copper is the most prevalent because of its superior electrical conductivity. In most situations, a protective solder mask is added following the copper base plating, and the final silkscreen is used to map out all of the board's parts.Single-layer/single-sided PCBs are easy to design and manufacture since diverse circuitry and components are connected onto one side, which means that they can be obtained at a low cost, especially for high-volume orders. Because of their low-cost, high-volume model, they are frequently used in calculators, cameras, radios, stereo equipment, solid-state drives, printers, and power supplies.<h2>Double-layer PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/a426a9c65cb54e5e90bd0c4dd0619e7a.jpg" alt="Double-layer PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">Double-layer or double-sided PCB has a thin layer of conductive metal, like copper, applied to both sides of a base material. Holes drilled through the board connect circuits on one side to those on the other.The circuits and components of a double-layer PCB are usually connected in two ways: either using a through-hole or a surface mount. Through-hole connections simply imply that small wires are fed through the holes, with each end of the lead connected to the right component.One of the biggest differences between surface-mount and through-hole PCBs is that the former do not use wire as connectors, while many small leads are soldered directly onto the board, which is used as a wiring surface for the different components, which facilitates circuits to be completed using less space but frees up space to allow the board to complete more functions with higher speeds and lighter weight than a through-hole board would allow.Double-sided PCBs is normally used for applications that require an intermediate level of circuit complexity, ranging from industrial controls and power supplies to instrumentation, HVAC, LED lighting systems, automotive dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.<h2>Multi-layer PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/aba453df38f848a9ba9365c2a63616b8.jpg" alt="Multi-layer PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">A multi-layer PCB consists of a series of three or more double-layered PCBs, attached by using a type of adhesive and sandwiched between pieces of insulation to make sure that no extra heat melts any of the components. Multi-layer PCBs can be gotten in different sizes—from as small as four to large ten- and twelve-layered. The largest multi-layer PCB ever built was one at 50 layers thick. Applications where multi-layer PCBs would come in handy include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis, and medical equipment.<h2>Rigid PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/6a0dadc0d98f4832b37f43c42a069a04.png" alt="Rigid PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">Rigid PCB is made of a solid substrate that prevents the board from twisting, the most common example of which is the computer motherboard. It is a multilayer PCB designed to share electricity from the power supply while allowing communication between all of the many parts of the computer at the same time, such as the CPU, GPU, and RAM.Rigid PCB may be the largest number of produced PCB, used anywhere where there is a need for the PCB itself, which has to be set up in shape remaining for the rest of the life of the device. From a simple single-layer PCB to an eight- or ten-layer multi-layer PCB, all of them belong to rigid PCB; hence, they could all find applications in the same area.<h2>Flexible PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/f467c2b06e4540bf82dcbf935a7459b1.jpg" alt="Flexible PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">Unlike rigid PCB using unmoving materials like fiberglass, flexible PCB consists of materials that bend and move, normally plastic. Similar to rigid PCBs, flexible PCBs are also available in single, double- or multi-layer formats since they have to be printed on a flexible material. The fabrication of flexible PCBs costs more.Nevertheless, flexible PCBs still have many advantages over rigid PCBs. The most prominent of these advantages is that they are flexible; that is, they may be folded over edges and wrapped around corners. Their flexibility can lead to weight and cost savings since a single flexible PCB can cover areas that might take multiple rigid PCBs.The flexible PCBs can also be used in areas subject to environmental hazards. They are simply built using waterproof, shockproof, corrosion-resistant, or high-temperature oil-resistant materials to do so—an option that traditional rigid PCBs may not have.Flexible PCBs are also suitable for usage in hazardous environments. They are simply made with waterproof, shockproof, corrosion-resistant, or high-temperature oil-resistant materials — the feature that typical rigid PCBs may lack.<h2>Rigid-Flex PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/66a3dceae34a4bae8a03578c8e43b923.jpg" alt="Rigid-Flex PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">Rigid flex circuits combine the advantages of the two most important forms of PCB boards, made up of many layers of flexible PCBs connected together with rigid PCB layers.Flex-rigid PCBs have several advantages over rigid PCBs and flexible PCBs for custom applications. For example, rigid-flex boards have fewer pieces than standard rigid or flexible PCB since the wiring possibilities for both are merged onto a single board. The rigid-flex board also provides for a more streamlined design, reducing overall board size and packaging weight by integrating the hard and flexible boards.Flex-rigid PCBs have most of their applications where the space or weight of a device is the prime concern, such as cell phones, digital cameras, pacemakers, and even automobiles.<h2>High-frequency PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/2b644485a5cd4a2a84be0868a41d3987.png" alt="High-frequency PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">High-frequency PCB refers to the general element of a PCB design, not like the preceding models which refer to the kind of construction, while meant to transmit signals over one gigahertz.High-frequency PCB materials generally include FR4-grade glass-reinforced epoxy laminate, polyphenylene oxide resin, and Teflon. Teflon comes at a rather high price because of its small and stable dielectric constant, small dielectric loss, and generally low water absorption.In choosing a high-frequency PCB board and its corresponding type of PCB connector, many aspects should be taken into consideration, including dielectric constant, dissipation, loss, and dielectric thickness.The most essential of these is the Dk of the material under consideration. Changes in impedance are common in materials with a high possibility of changing their dielectric constant, which can modulate the harmonics that make up a digital signal and cause an overall loss of digital signal integrity, which is one of the things that a high-frequency PCB is designed to prevent.The following boards and PC connector types should be considered for the high-frequency PCB design:• Dielectric loss, DF; responsible for the quality of the signal to be conveyed; a small amount of dielectric loss may result in a small amount of signal wasted.• Thermal expansion. If the rates of thermal expansion of the PCB's construction elements, such as copper foil, differ, materials may separate owing to temperature fluctuations.• Water absorption. High water intake will have an impact on the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the PCB, particularly if it is utilized in damp conditions.• Other resistances. Wherever possible, construction materials for high-frequency PCBs should have excellent heat resistance, stress endurance, and resistance to hazardous chemicals ratings.<h2>Aluminum-Backed PCB</h2><img src="https://img.pcbx.com/dev/file/image/article/20240725/4833e1336ea64198b9202dbc1ec6b313.jpg" alt="Aluminum-Backed PCB - PCBX" data-href="" style="width: 100%;">Aluminum-backed PCBs are designed in much the same way as their copper-backed counterparts. However, instead of the usual fiberglass used in most of the PCB board types available, aluminum-backed PCB makes use of aluminum or copper substrate boards.The aluminum-backed PCB is lined with thermally insulating material that has low thermal resistance, thus less heat is transferred from the insulating layer to the backing. A copper circuit layer, ranging in thickness from one ounce to 10, is deposited using insulation material.Aluminum-backed printed circuit boards have some advantages over those with a fiberglass backing, including:• Low cost. Aluminum is the most abundant metal on Earth, making up 8.23% of the weight of the planet. It's easy and inexpensive to mine aluminum from the ground; therefore, these reduce expenses in the manufacturing process. As such, constructing products made of aluminum will be cheaper.• Eco–friendly: Aluminum itself is non-toxic and easily recyclable. Further, the manufacturing of a PCB with aluminum doesn't involve too much energy consumption in comparison to its other counterparts because of the nature of its ease of assembly.• Heat dissipation: This is because aluminum is among the best materials at dissipating heat away from critical components on circuit boards, draining the heat to the open air without diffusing it into others towards the board. Most importantly, an aluminum PCB will therefore cool more quickly than a copper PCB of the same size.• Material durability: Aluminum is far stronger than other materials, like fiberglass or ceramic, particularly in drop tests. Using stronger base materials reduces potential damage during manufacture, shipping, and installation.All these advantages make Aluminum PCB an outstanding choice for applications that require high outputs of power within very tight tolerances, such as traffic lights, automotive lighting, switching power supplies, motor controllers, and high-current circuitry.Besides these major areas of application, aluminum-backed PCBs can also be used in applications where a high degree of mechanical stability is required or where the PCB might be subject to high levels of mechanical stress. They are less subject to thermal expansion compared with a fiberglass-based board and, therefore, peeling off the other materials on the board, such as copper foil or insulation, is avoided, thus further lengthening its lifetime.From simple single-layer PCBs applied in simple electronics like calculators to more complex systems—like high-frequency Teflon design—PCBs have undergone evolution over the years. This has made its way into nearly every industry currently running on the face of the earth, from simple industries like lighting solutions to more complex ones like medical or aerospace technology.Long years of PCB evolution have also pushed development in materials: no longer are PCBs built solely out of fiberglass-backed copper foil. New construction materials include aluminum, Teflon, and even bendable plastics, especially bendable plastics and aluminum, especially, spurring the creation of products like flexible-rigid and aluminum-backed PCBs to address common problems associated with many industries.<h2>Trust PCBX for All Your PCB Production Needs</h2>Whether you need a simple single-layer PCB or a highly sophisticated 30-layer multi-layer PCB, PCBX can help you realize your goal. We can provide fabrication services for a wide range of PCBs, from basic fiberglass to flex-rigid PCBs. Special applications can also benefit from high-frequency PCBs and aluminum-backed PCBs.Want to get the price of specialty PCB fabrication like Flexible PCBs, Flex-rigid PCBs, Aluminum PCBs, Rogers PCBs, etc.? Feel free to contact us and send your Gerber file and requirements for materials and quantity, and we will provide a quote soon.We also offer prototype circuit boards to help you get the right PCB design before full production. Avoiding costly errors can save you thousands over the scope of the project. Our designers are compliant with ISO9001:2008 quality management systems, and our in-house quality control department will verify your prototype to both of our high standards before we send it off to you. Depending on requirements, most prototype PCBs can be done within 4-5 days when you need quality prototyping done fast.&lt;button class="center btn-lg" data-href="/order/manufacturing/pcb"&gt;Get an Accurate PCB Quote Today&lt;/button&gt;We directly provide assembly services once your PCB is fabricated and prototyped. We do all from prototype, consigned PCB assembly, full or turnkey PCB assembly, and partial or full assembly based on customer-specified requirements. We cater to several quantity demands, from low-volume/high-mix assemblies to high-volume PCB assemblies. All our turnkey services are IPC Class 3 compliant, and ISO 9001:2008-certified.PCBX handles simple, average, or complicated mixed assembly items that are fundamental to PCB design, such as surface mountings and through-hole connections. Part of our quality control involves extending a design for a manufacturability test. We can also do particular function testing depending on your needs to ensure that the PCBs we manufacture meet the design standards from which they were generated.

Besides being key elements for nearly all electronics, PCBs provide support and wiring that connect elements into a whole. Materials and types for versatile applications are manifold.

Introduction to PCB and Different Types of Circuit Boards - PCBX

Most electronic circuits are mounted on PCBs, or Printed Circuit Boards, which provide mechanical support and electrical interconnection of electronic components. There are, however, special applications that involve the use of single and double-sided PCBs, multi-layer PCBs, or even rigid and flexible PCBs with aluminum backing, targeting medical, industrial, auto, and aerospace industries. They may use materials such as fiberglass, epoxy, aluminum, and others.