PCBs are central to electronic devices, featuring holes and vias critical for functionality. Holes, like through-holes and mounting holes, serve electrical or mechanical purposes, while vias ensure electrical connections across PCB layers. Understanding their differences is key for optimal performance, reliability, and manufacturability in PCB design.

Vias—blind, buried, and through-hole—are essential in multi-layer PCBs, enabling signal and power transfer between layers. Covering techniques like tenting and plugging with solder masks enhance PCB reliability and performance, crucial for compact designs.